Battle of Missionary Ridge

Battle of Missionary Ridge
Part of the American Civil War
Battle of Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25th, 1863, by Kurz & Allison
Date November 25, 1863 (1863-11-25) Location Chattanooga, Tennessee 35°01′48″N 85°15′25″W / 35.030°N 85.257°W / 35.030; -85.257Coordinates: 35°01′48″N 85°15′25″W / 35.030°N 85.257°W / 35.030; -85.257 Result Union victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)	CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
Ulysses S. Grant	Braxton Bragg
Units involved
Military Division of the Mississippi: Army of the Cumberland Army of the Tennessee	Army of Tennessee
Strength
56,359	44,010
Casualties and losses
5,153 total (664 killed 4,251 wounded 238 captured/missing)	6,667 total (361 killed 2,160 wounded 4,146 captured/missing)

Military Division of the Mississippi:

The Battle of Missionary Ridge was fought November 25, 1863, as part of the Chattanooga Campaign of the American Civil War. Following the Union victory in the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 24, Union forces under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Missionary Ridge and defeated the Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg.

In the morning, elements of the Union Army of the Tennessee commanded by Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman attempted to capture the northern end of Missionary Ridge, Tunnel Hill, but were stopped by fierce resistance from the Confederate divisions of Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne, William H.T. Walker, and Carter L. Stevenson. In the afternoon, Grant was concerned that Bragg was reinforcing his right flank at Sherman's expense. He ordered the Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas, to move forward and seize the Confederate line of rifle pits on the valley floor, and stop there to await further orders. The Union soldiers moved forward and quickly pushed the Confederates from the first line of rifle pits but were then subjected to a punishing fire from the Confederate lines up the ridge.

At this point, the Union soldiers continued the attack against the remaining lines, seeking refuge near the crest of the ridge (the top line of rifle pits were sited on the actual crest rather than the military crest of the ridge, leaving blind spots). This second advance was taken up by the commanders on the spot, but also by some of the soldiers who, on their own, sought shelter from the fire further up the slope. The Union advance was disorganized but effective; finally overwhelming and scattering what ought to have been, as General Grant himself believed, an impregnable Confederate line. In combination with an advance from the southern end of the ridge by divisions under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, the Union Army routed Bragg's army, which retreated to Dalton, Georgia, ending the siege of Union forces in Chattanooga, Tennessee.