Battle of Grunwald

Part of the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War

Battle of Grunwald by Jan Matejko (1878)

Date	15 July 1410
Location	Between villages of Grunwald (Grünfelde) and Stębark (Tannenberg) Coordinates: 53°29′10″N 20°07′29″E / 53.48611°N 20.12472°E / 53.48611; 20.12472
Result	Decisive Polish–Lithuanian victory

Belligerents

Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Polish–Lithuanian vassals, allies and mercenaries:

Czechs, Bohemia,Moravia,Ruthenia,Masovia,Moldavia,Tatars and Mongols,Wallachia,Smolensk

Teutonic Order
Allies (Pomerania-Stettin), guest crusaders, and mercenaries from western Europe

Commanders and leaders

Władysław II Jagiełło, supreme commander
Vytautas the Great, Lithuanian commander

Grandmaster Ulrich von Jungingen †

Strength

16,000–39,000 men

11,000–27,000 men

Casualties and losses

Polish: light; 12 knights killed
Lithuanian: heavy

Very heavy: 203–211 out of 270 Teutonic knights killed

Kingdom of Poland
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Polish–Lithuanian vassals, allies and mercenaries:

The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) and Grand Duke Vytautas (Witold; Vitaŭt), decisively defeated the German–Prussian Teutonic Knights, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Most of the Teutonic Knights' leadership were killed or taken prisoner. Although defeated, the Teutonic Knights withstood the siege of their fortress in Marienburg (Malbork) and suffered minimal territorial losses at the Peace of Thorn (1411) (Toruń), with other territorial disputes continuing until the Peace of Melno in 1422. The knights, however, would never recover their former power, and the financial burden of war reparations caused internal conflicts and an economic downturn in the lands under their control. The battle shifted the balance of power in Central and Eastern Europe and marked the rise of the Polish–Lithuanian union as the dominant political and military force in the region.

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