Battery electric bus

A battery electric bus is a bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from an on-board battery. Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source.

Partial battery buses are equipped for charging with pantographs at bus stops and in the Depot.Supercapacitors can be charged rapidly, reducing the time needed to prepare to resume operation.

Battery electric buses offer zero-emission, quiet operation and better acceleration compared to traditional buses. They also eliminate infrastructure needed for a constant grid connection and allow routes to be modified without infrastructure changes compared to a Trolleybus. They typically recover braking energy to increase efficiency by a regenerative brake. With energy consumption of about 1.2 kWh/km, the cost of ownership is lower than diesel buses.

As of 2016 battery buses have less range, higher weight, higher procurement costs. The reduced infrastructure for overhead lines is partially offset by the costs of the infrastructure to recharge the batteries. Battery buses are used almost exclusively in urban areas rather than for long-haul transport. Urban transit features relatively short intervals between charging opportunities. Sufficient recharging can take place within 4 to 5 minutes (250 to 450 kW) usually by induction or catenary.

The first battery buses were mostly small, mini- or midi- buses. The improvement of battery technology from around 2010 led to the emergence of the battery bus, including heavier units such as twelve-meter standard buses and articulated wagons.

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