Bashkir ASSR
| Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Башкирская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика Башҡорт Автономиялы Совет Социалистик Республикаhы |
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| Autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR | ||||||
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| Capital | Ufa | |||||
| Government | Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |||||
| History | ||||||
| • | Established | 23 March 1919 | ||||
| • | Sovereignty declared (Bashkir SSR) | 11 October 1990 | ||||
| • | Renamed to Republic of Bashkortstan | 25 February 1992 | ||||
The Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Bashkir: Башҡорт Автономиялы Совет Социалистик Республикаhы, Başqort Avtonomiyalı Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikahı; Russian: Башкирская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика, Bashkirskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika); also known as Soviet Bashkortostan or simply Bashkortostan was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union. Currently it is known as Bashkortostan.
Bashkir ASSR was the first Autonomous Soviet Republic in RSFSR.
The republic occupied an area of 143,600 km2 (55,400 sq mi) in the far south-eastern corner of European Russia, bounded on the east by the Ural Mountains and within seventy kilometres of the Kazakhstan border at its southernmost point. The region was settled by nomads of the steppe, the Turkic Bashkirs, during the 13th-century domination by the Golden Horde. Russians arrived in the mid-16th century, founding the city of Ufa, now the republic's capital. Numerous local uprisings broke out in opposition to the settlement of larger Russian populations in the centuries that followed. The Bashkirs finally give up nomadic life in the 19th century, adopting the agricultural lifestyle that remains their primary means of support. The traditional clan-based social structure has largely disappeared. The predominant religions of the Bashkir population are Islam, which is observed by the majority, and Russian Orthodoxy. A major battleground of the Russian Civil War, in 1919 Bashkiria was the first ethnic region to be designated an autonomous republic of Russia under the new communist regime. The republic declared its sovereignty within the Soviet Union on 11 October 1990 as Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic, and in 1992 it declared full independence. Two years later, Bashkortostan agreed to remain within the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, provided that mutual areas of competence were agreed upon.
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