Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2010 proceeded according to rules enacted in 2001 and revised in 2007. As always the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from a ballot of recent players; one player was elected. In keeping with the 2007 reform, one Veterans Committee convened to consider a ballot of managers and umpires, another to consider a ballot of executives; one manager and one umpire were elected.
A Veterans Committee election to select from older players had been held in the 2009 cycle. The next election for players whose careers began in 1943 or later was scheduled for the 2011 class of inductees while the next for pre-1943 players was scheduled for the 2014 class.
However, a reform of the Veterans Committee(s) was announced in July 2010. Henceforth long-retired players and all non-playing personnel will be considered on a single ballot, with the ballot restricted by the "Era" in which candidates made their greatest contributions. The next Veterans Committee elections, held in December 2010 as part of the 2011 induction cycle, considered only figures from what the Hall calls the "Expansion Era"—1973 and later. Candidates from the "Golden Era" (1947–1972) were considered in the balloting for 2012, and candidates from the "Pre-Integration Era" (1871–1946) will be considered in the balloting for 2013. Subsequently the same three committee meetings will occur in rotation.
Andre Dawson, Doug Harvey, and Whitey Herzog were selected as members of the Baseball Hall of Fame.
The BBWAA was again authorized to elect players active in 1990 or later, but not after 2004; the ballot included candidates from the 2009 ballot who received at least 5% of the vote but were not elected, along with selected players, chosen by a screening committee, whose last appearance was in 2004. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.
Results of the 2010 election by the BBWAA were announced on January 6. The ballot consisted of 26 players, including 11 candidates returning from the 2009 ballot (a record low, displacing the previous year's record of 13).