Barley wine

Barley wine
Barley wine ranges in colour from translucent deep amber, to cloudy mahogany (left), to near opaque black (right).
Country of origin	England
Yeast type	Top-fermenting
Alcohol by volume	8% - 12%
Color (SRM)	8 - 22 (English) 10 - 19 (American) (24 - 48 EBC)
Bitterness (IBU)	35 - 70 (English) 50 - 120 (American)
Original Gravity	1.080 - 1.120
Final Gravity	1.018 – 1.030 (English) 1.016 – 1.030 (American)
Malt percentage	100%

Barley wine is a style of strong ale of between 6-11% alcohol by volume.

In ancient Greece, a style of fermented grain beverage was referred to as "κρίθινος οἶνος" (krithinos oinos), barley wine and it is mentioned amongst others by Greek historians Xenophon in his work Anabasis and Polybius in his work The Histories, where he mentions that Phaeacians kept barley wine in silver and golden kraters. These barley wines would be dissimilar to modern examples as their mention predates the use of hops (a key component in modern barley wines) by several centuries.

The first beer to be marketed as barley wine was Bass No. 1 Ale, around 1870.

The Anchor Brewing Company introduced the style to the United States in 1976 with its Old Foghorn Barleywine Style Ale. Old Foghorn was styled as barleywine (one word) out of fear that occurrence of the word wine on a beer label would displease regulators.

A barley wine typically reaches an alcohol strength of 8 to 12% by volume and is brewed from specific gravities as high as 1.120. Use of the word wine is due to its alcoholic strength similar to a wine; but since it is made from grain rather than fruit, it is a beer.

There are two primary styles of barley wine: the American which tends to be more hoppy and bitter with colours ranging from amber to light brown and the English style which tends to be less bitter and may have little hop flavour, with more variety in colour ranging from red-gold to opaque black. Until the introduction of an amber-coloured barley wine under the name Gold Label by the Sheffield brewery Tennant's in 1951 (later brewed by Whitbread), British barley wines were always dark in colour.