Balinese name

The Balinese naming system is used by the Balinese people of Bali and in the western parts of the neighboring island of Lombok, Indonesia, which is characterized by the use of four 'typical' names. Since most Balinese are Hindus, most names are Sanskrit, while others still use native Balinese names.

Regardless of sex, each person receives one of four names based on birth order. Despite significant variations due to caste membership, regional customs and variations in the Balinese language between the north and the south of the island, there are four names in Balinese culture that are repeated frequently. The firstborn is "Wayan" or "Gede" or "Putu", second is "Made" or "Kadek", third is "Nyoman" or "Komang" (Man or Mang for short), and fourth is "Ketut" (often elided to Tut). (The vowels are pronounced similarly as in Spanish or Italian.)

Balinese names are rendered into Roman script by the Romanization of the Indonesian language. The spelling to pronunciation relationship is said to be "perfect" because the spelling of words was revised significantly in the 1970s and/or 1980s (and even more recently).

The first born is Wayan, and if there is a fifth child, he/she is often called Wayan Balik (or Wayan "again"). Balinese people are given other names, including a new "name" after death. Generally, everyone uses birth order names to refer to each other. "Given" names may be chosen due, for example, to the influence of popular culture or politics. Like some other Indonesian cultures, Balinese do not use family names.

Wayan is Balinese originally meant Wayah or oldest.

Made/Nengah means madya or middle. Kadek means little brother/sister

The naming system is a method to instantly recognize caste. Caste, unlike in India, is relatively unimportant to the Balinese and the idea of it probably flowed into Balinese culture as close links with Hindu-Buddhist Java evolved. The inclusion of the caste may also be due to Airlangga, a half Balinese who became king of Daha in Java, c. 1000 AD.

It is possible that the naming system of the peasant farmers of Bali precedes the idea of caste. These people are largely a mix of 'native' (early proto Polynesian type) Balinese and very early Hindu-Buddhist missionaries and their followers (who did not arrive in Bali with successive waves of Javanese nobles and military rulers). They form the caste level that would be called Sudra in India, that is, people outside the triwarna, or three colors (Wesya, overseers and minor aristocracy, Ksatria, nobles, kings and warriors and Brahmana, the highest caste comprising teachers, priests, writers and philosophers). This "farmer caste" comprises the vast freemasonry of the Balinese villages, as set out above, this caste uses names to denote birth position. It is an ingenious way for peasant farmers to keep track of inheritance questions, Wayan, for first born, Made for second, Nyoman for third and Ketut for fourth. The three castes, use a caste identifier as the first part of a name:

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