Avraham Shalom
Avraham Shalom Bendor (Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם שָׁלוֹם בֵּנְדּוֹר; July 7, 1928 – June 19, 2014) was head of Shin Bet from 1981-1986. He resigned after being accused of ordering the killing of two Palestinian prisoners and organising the subsequent cover-up.
Shalom was born in Vienna, Austria. In 1939, he moved with his family to what was then Mandatory Palestine. In 1946, he joined the Palmach and later fought in the battle of Mishmar HaEmek amongst other battles.
He joined the Shin Bet in 1950, and participated in the capture of Adolf Eichmann in 1960. He was eventually appointed to the head of the Shin Bet in 1980.
After the hijacking of a bus from Tel Aviv on 12 April 1984, it was reported that all four hijackers had been killed. However, following publication of pictures taken at the scene it emerged that two surviving hijackers were questioned by Brigadier General Yitzhak Mordechai and then handed over to Shin Bet agents who executed the prisoners—allegedly on the orders of Shalom.
During the subsequent investigation, Shalom led a cover-up in the Shin Bet that implicated Mordechai as responsible for the killings. In 1985, General Mordechai was put on trial but his acquittal led to questions being asked about Shalom's role.
The cover-up caused internal disorder and dysfunction within the Shin Bet, but only became public when in May 1986 Attorney-General Yitzhak Zamir resigned after attempting to pursue a course of holding Shalom to account for falsifying evidence.
In June 1986, Shalom offered his resignation in exchange for a pardon from President Chaim Herzog. Herzog controversially issued pardons to Shalom and four other Shin Bet officers.
In July 1986 during a high court appeal against the pardons it was revealed in a letter of application for pardon that Shalom claimed that all his actions were "authorised and approved". This placed responsibility on his immediate superior, the Prime Minister at the time, Yitzhak Shamir. Shamir denied the blame. The supreme court upheld the pardons.
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