Austrobaileyaceae
| Austrobaileya | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Austrobaileyales |
| Family: |
Austrobaileyaceae Croizat |
| Genus: |
Austrobaileya C.T.White |
| Species: | A. scandens |
| Binomial name | |
|
Austrobaileya scandens C.T.White |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Austrobaileya maculata C.T.White |
|
Austrobaileya maculata C.T.White
Austrobaileya is the sole genus with the sole recognised species of lianas, that constitutes the entire flowering plant family Austrobaileyaceae. The species Austrobaileya scandens grows naturally only (endemic) in the Wet Tropics rainforests of north eastern Queensland, Australia.
The name A. maculata is recognised as a synonym of A. scandens.
Austrobaileya plants grow as woody lianas or vines. Their main growing stems loosely twine, with straight, extending, leafy branches. The leaves are leathery, veined and simple. The leaves produce essential oils in spherical ethereal oil cells. Their foliage is damaged by oxidation in direct sunlight, so it tends to grow beneath the rainforest canopy, in low-sunlight and very humid conditions. Like many other flowering plants growing in the understory of tropical rainforest, it does not have palisade mesophyll tissue or low leaf photosynthetic rates. It relies strongly on vegetative reproduction for continuation of the species.
Austrobaileya scandens is found only (endemic) in the Wet Tropics rainforests of Queensland, and is rare. It is the oldest species of flowering plants in Australia that requires pollination. Austrobaileya is one of many ancient ('primitive') plants found in Wet Tropics that have survived millions of years of climatic and geological changes.
The species is well adapted to rainforests, where it can wind around tall woody trees that form the canopy. It is evolved for fitness in the wet tropical rainforest’s conditions of dampness, humidity, high-light canopy and low-light understory.
It can grow up to 15 m (50 ft) tall. The plant has a distinctive blue-green colour foliage. Austrobaileya has large and solitary flowers that are arranged in a spiral with pale green petals. Flowers are pollinated by flies. To attract pollinators, A. scandens’ flowers release a rotting fish smell.
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Wikipedia