Artur Zawisza Square, Warsaw
Coordinates: 52°13′28″N 20°59′20″E / 52.22444°N 20.98889°E Artur Zawisza Square (Polish: plac Artura Zawiszy, commonly abbreviated as "plac Zawiszy") is a public square in Warsaw's borough of Ochota. Currently a major roundabout at the intersection of Jerusalem Avenue, Raszyńska, Grójecka and Towarowa Streets, for centuries its spot was occupied by the so-called Jerusalem Toll-house or Jerusalem Gate (Polish: Rogatki Jerozolimskie). The area is named after Artur Zawisza, a 19th-century Polish revolutionary who was executed on the spot by Russians in 1833.
The Jerusalem Toll-house was created in 1770, as a toll-house on the road leading from down-town Warsaw towards the jurydyka of Nowa Jerozolima ("New Jerusalem") and the Kraków Road (modern Grójecka Street). The spot was chosen for a gate in the newly erected Lubomirski's Ramparts. Between 1816 and 1818 two Classicist buildings of the toll-house were built by Jakub Kubicki. In 1823 a square was created surrounding the new toll-houses. The area, in the 19th century still far-removed from the city centre, was a spot of particularly heavy fighting during the battle of Warsaw of 1831.
When the fortifications surrounding Warsaw were dismantled, in the 1870s the area started to be built-up and settled, initially with wooden suburban houses around the square, but even before World War I the area was being encroached upon by the dense city infrastructure. In 1909 a tramway line was connected to the square.
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