Arthur Nebe
| Arthur Nebe | |
|---|---|
Arthur Nebe in 1942
|
|
| Born |
13 November 1894 Berlin, German Empire |
| Died | 21 March 1945 (aged 50) Berlin, Nazi Germany |
| Allegiance | |
| Service/branch |
 Schutzstaffel
|
| Rank | Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei |
| Commands held |
Reichskriminalpolizeiamt Einsatzgruppe B Interpol |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
Arthur Nebe (13 November 1894 – 21 March 1945) was a key functionary in the security and police apparatus of Nazi Germany and a Holocaust perpetrator.
Nebe rose through the ranks of the Berlin and Prussian police forces to become head of Nazi Germany's Criminal Police (Kripo) in 1936, which was folded into the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) in 1939. Prior to Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union, Nebe volunteered to serve as commanding officer of Einsatzgruppe B. The killing unit was deployed largely in modern-day Belarus behind Army Group Centre, and reported over 45,000 victims by November 1941. In late 1941, Nebe was posted back to Berlin and resumed his career within the RSHA. Nebe commanded the Kripo until he was denounced and executed after the failed attempt to kill Adolf Hitler in July 1944.
Following the war, Nebe's career and involvement with the 20 July plot were the subject of several apologetic accounts by the members of the plot, who portrayed him as a professional policeman and a dedicated anti-Nazi. The notions that Nebe's motivations were anything other than Nazi ideology have since been discredited by historians who describe him as an opportunist and an "energetic", "enthusiastic" and "notorious" mass murderer driven by racism and careerism.
Born in Berlin in 1894, the son of a Berlin school teacher, Nebe volunteered for military service and served with distinction during World War I. In 1920 Nebe joined the Berlin detective force, the Kriminalpolizei (Kripo; Criminal Police). He attained the rank of a police inspector in 1923 and the rank of Police Commissioner in 1924.
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