Arthur Guyton
| Arthur C. Guyton | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
Family photo, c. 1980
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| Born |
September 8, 1919 Oxford, Mississippi |
| Died | April 3, 2003 (aged 83) Mississippi |
| Nationality | American |
| Fields | Physiology |
| Institutions | University of Mississippi |
Arthur Clifton Guyton (September 8, 1919 – April 3, 2003) was an American physiologist who later became Dean of the University of Mississippi Medical School.
Nowadays Guyton is perhaps best known for his book Textbook of Medical Physiology, which quickly became the standard text about the subject in medical schools. The first edition was published in 1956, the 10th edition appeared in 2000, the last before Guyton's death, and the 12th appeared in 2010.Now 13 th edition is also availbe in market It is the world's best-selling physiology book and has been translated into at least 15 languages.
Textbook of Medical Physiology is the world's best-selling physiology text and has been translated into at least 13 languages (the textbook memoriam states 13, but the online memoriam states at least 15.)
From the ninth edition onwards, John E. Hall co-authored the textbook. However, all prior editions were written entirely by Guyton, with the eighth edition published in 1991. Subsequent editions, including the latest, preserve his legacy within the title, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology.
Guyton is most famous for his experiments in the 1950s which studied the physiology of cardiac output and its relationship with the peripheral circulation (see e.g. chapter 23 of Guyton 1976, or chapter 20 of both Guyton, 1991 and Guyton & Hall.
It was this work which overturned the conventional wisdom that it was the heart itself that controlled cardiac output. Guyton instead demonstrated that it was the need of the body tissues for oxygen which was the real regulator of cardiac output. The "Guyton Curves" which describe the relationship between right atrial pressures and cardiac output form the basis of understanding the physiology of circulation. This subject is well described in Guyton's textbook (e.g. Guyton 1976; Guyton 1991; Guyton & Hall 2006) which contains references to the original publications.
Arthur Guyton was born in Oxford, Mississippi, to Dr. Billy S. Guyton, a highly respected eye, ear, nose, and throat specialist, and Kate Smallwood Guyton, a mathematics and physics teacher who had been a missionary in China before marriage.
Guyton initially intended to be a cardiovascular surgeon but was partially paralysed after being infected with polio. He suffered from this infection in 1946 during his final year of residency training. Suffering paralysis in his right leg, left arm, and both shoulders, he spent nine months in Warm Springs, Georgia, recuperating and applying his inventive mind to building the first motorized wheelchair controlled by a “joy stick”, a motorized hoist for lifting patients, special leg braces, and other devices to aid the handicapped. For those inventions, he received a Presidential Citation.
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