Area dean

In the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church as well as some Lutheran denominations, a rural dean is a member of clergy who presides over a "rural deanery" (often referred to as a deanery). In some Church of England dioceses rural deans have been formally renamed as area deans.

The title "dean" (Latin decanus) may derive from the custom of dividing a hundred into ten tithings, not least as rural deaneries originally corresponded with the hundreds or commotes or cantrefi in Wales. Many rural deaneries retain these ancient names.

The first mention of rural deans comes from a law made by Edward the Confessor, which refers to the rural dean being appointed by the bishop “to have the inspection of clergy and people from within the district to which he was incumbent… to which end [he] had power to convene rural chapters.” The first known rural dean is Robert de Eclesfield who was appointed to the position in the diocese of York in 1148.

In medieval times rural deans acted as officers of the diocesan bishop and prepared business for the archdeacons to determine at their visitations. Archdeacons gradually took over most of the duties of rural deans and the office was allowed to become a sinecure by the 16th century.

In the Church of England, the office of rural dean was revived by the Bishop of Norwich in 1836/1837. During the 19th century the office became more significant, and by the middle of the century rural deaneries were established in law, which also made provision for the modification of deanery boundaries, through the provisions of the Archdeaconries and Rural Deaneries Act of 1874 (37 & 38 Vict., cap. 63).

Canon C23 sets out the legal basis of the current role of rural deans. It sets out that rural deans will report to the bishop on significant matters, including illness and vacancies, and will investigate if there are problems in the parish. It also sets out that the rural dean will be joint chair, with the Lay Chair, of the deanery synod.

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Wikipedia