Antonio Savaresi

Antonio Mario Timoleone Savaresi (1773-1830) was a Neapolitan military physician. He served in the French armies in Italy, Egypt and on Martinique and later became the physician-in-chief of the armies of the Kingdom of Naples as well as a renowned scientist.

Antonio Mario Timoleone Savaresi was born in Naples on 10 September 1773. He was the younger brother of the physician and mineralogist Andrea Savaresi. In the early 1790s he began to study medicine in his home town. Among his academic teachers were Domenico Cirillo, Domenico Cotugno, Vincenzo Petagna, Nicola Andria and Antonio Sementini. When the ideals of the French Revolution sparked to the Italian peninsula, Savaresi – as other scientists such as Carlo Lauberg and Annibale Giordano – adhered to a clandestine network aiming at overthrowing the monarchy. As the republican conspiracy was discovered, in 1794 Savaresi flew to Oneglia. This small town on the Ligurian coast had been occupied by the French armies and, being administered by the radical revolutionary Filippo Buonarroti, became a safe haven for Italian republicans.

Due to the lack of medical officers, Savaresi was immediately drafted to the French army, beginning his career as an army physician. From 1796 to 1798 he took part in the first Italian campaign of the French revolutionary wars. From Rome he was dispatched to the armée d’Orient and participated in the conquest of Malta and the French campaign in Egypt (1798-1801), which was initially led by Napoleon Bonaparte. He served at Damietta, Cairo, Salhiya and Alexandria and during the battles of the Pyramids and of Abukir. After his return to France in, 1802 he was sent to Martinique, where he served in both Saint-Pierre and Fort-de-France and where he was promoted to the grade of physician-in-chief. During his return-journey to Europe he was captured by British privateers and had to find his way back to France via the United States, England and the Netherlands.

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