Antonin Artaud
| Antonin Artaud | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born |
Antoine Marie Joseph Artaud 4 September 1896 Marseille, France |
| Died | 4 March 1948 (aged 51) France |
| Cause of death | Intestinal cancer |
| Nationality | French |
| Education | Studied at the Collège du Sacré-Cœur |
| Occupation | Theatre director, poet, actor, artist, essayist |
| Known for | Theatre of Cruelty |
| Notable work | The Theatre and Its Double |
Antoine Marie Joseph Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud (French: [aʁto]; 4 September 1896 – 4 March 1948), was a French dramatist, poet, essayist, actor, and theatre director, widely recognized as one of the major figures of twentieth-century theatre and the European avant-garde.
Antoine Artaud was born 4 September 1896 in Marseille, France, to Euphrasie Nalpas and Antoine-Roi Artaud. Both his parents were natives of Smyrna (modern-day İzmir), and he was greatly affected by his Greek ancestry. His mother gave birth to nine children, four out of the nine were stillborn and two more died in childhood. He contracted spinal meningitis at the age of 4. This disease has no cure, but after a long struggle including a comatose period, a severely weakened Antonin survived.
Artaud's parents arranged a long series of sanatorium stays for their temperamental son, which were both prolonged and expensive. This lasted five years, with a break of two months in June and July 1916, when Artaud was conscripted into the French Army. He was allegedly discharged due to his self-induced habit of sleepwalking. During Artaud's "rest cures" at the sanatorium, he read Arthur Rimbaud, Charles Baudelaire, and Edgar Allan Poe. In May 1919, the director of the sanatorium prescribed laudanum for Artaud, precipitating a lifelong addiction to that and other opiates.
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