Anti-Bolshevik

Anti-communism is opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia. It reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry. Anti-communism has been an element of movements holding many different political positions, including social democratic, liberal, conservative, fascist, capitalist, anarchist, and even socialist viewpoints.

The first organization specifically dedicated to opposing communism was the Russian White movement, which fought in the Russian Civil War starting in 1918 against the recently established Communist government. The White movement was supported militarily by several allied foreign governments, which represented the first instance of anti-communism as a government policy. Nevertheless, the Communist Red Army defeated the White movement, and the Soviet Union was created in 1922. During the existence of the Soviet Union, anti-communism became an important feature of many different political movements and governments across the world.

In the United States, anti-communism came to prominence with the First Red Scare of 1919–1920. In Europe, during the 1920s and 30s, opposition to communism was promoted by conservatives, social democrats, classical liberals, and fascists. Fascist governments rose to prominence as major opponents of communism in the 1930s, and they founded the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1936 as an anti-communist alliance. In Asia, the Empire of Japan and the Kuomintang (the Chinese Nationalist Party) were the leading anti-communist forces in this period.

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