Anonymous Internet banking

Anonymous Internet banking is the proposed use of strong financial cryptography to make electronic bank secrecy (or more precisely pseudonymous banking) possible. The bank issues currency in the form of electronic tokens that can be converted on presentation to the bank to some other currency. This concept has a long history in which free banking institutions have issued their own paper currency often backed by a physical commodity.

While the academic study of trust relationships and systems has long been the domain of intelligence services such as the NSA, the growth of the Internet in the 1990s and the contemporary declassification of related knowledge allowed for greater public discussion of the potential for anonymous banking services by groups such as the cryptoanarchists and cypherpunks.

For a full list see list of anonymous internet banking systems

Anonymous internet banking depends on the mathematics of public key cryptography and blind signature algorithms. In this simple example we have Alice and Bob and a banker. The banker generates an RSA public key with modulus ${\displaystyle n=PQ}$, where ${\displaystyle P}$ and ${\displaystyle Q}$ are large primes, making ${\displaystyle n}$ a semiprime. As described in RSA operation, the bank also generates public key exponent ${\displaystyle e}$ and private key exponent ${\displaystyle d}$.

...
Wikipedia