Anna Engelhardt
| Anna Engelhardt | |
|---|---|
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| Born |
Anna Nikolaevna Makarova 2 June 1838 Aleksandrovka village, Kostroma Oblast, Russian Empire |
| Died | 12 June 1903 (aged 65) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Other names | Anna Nikolaevna Engelhardt, Anna Engelgardt |
| Occupation | writer, translator, philanthropist |
| Years active | 1860-1903 |
| Known for | establishing the first women's publishing cooperative in Russia |
Anna Engelhardt (Russian: Анна Энгельгардт 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1838-25 June [O.S. 12 June] 1903 was a Russian women's activist, writer, translator, and the compiler of the Complete German-Russian Dictionary. Having been educated at one of the few schools offering education to women, she began working in a book store and then helped found the first women's publishing cooperative in Russia. Concerned with women's issues and their ability to support themselves, after her husband was banished from Saint Petersburg, Engelhardt became involved in the women's movement and helped establish the Bestuzhev Courses for women's higher education, as well as co-founding the Women's Institute of Medicine.
Anna Nikolaevna Makarova (Russian: Анна Николаевна Макарова) was born on 2 June 1838 O.S. in Aleksandrovka village in the Kostroma Oblast of the Russian Empire to Alexandra Petrovna (née Boltina) and Nikolai P. Makarov. Her father, owned a small estate as a member of the gentry and was a noted actor, composer, lexicographer, and writer. Her mother died when she was six years old, and Makarova was sent in 1845 to study at one of the only girls' schools in the Russian Empire, the Elizabeth Institute of Noble Maidens in Moscow. She studied languages, including where she studied English, French, German, and Italian. She graduated with honors in 1853 and returned to her home and continued her studies in her father's library, reading such writers as Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Charles Darwin, Nikolay Dobrolyubov and Alexander Herzen.
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