Anglo–Zanzibar War

Anglo-Zanzibar War

The Sultan's harem after the bombardment

Date	09:02–09:40 EAT (06:02–06:40 UTC), 27 August 1896 (38 minutes)
Location	Zanzibar Town, Zanzibar Sultanate
Result	British victory

Belligerents

United Kingdom

Zanzibar

Commanders and leaders

Admiral Sir Harry Rawson

Lloyd Mathews

Khalid bin Bargash

Captain Saleh

Strength

Land:
1,050
Sea:
3 cruisers
2 gunboats

Land:
2,800
4 artillery pieces
1 shore battery
Sea:
HHS Glasgow, the royal yacht
2 boats

Casualties and losses

1 wounded

500 killed or wounded
HHS Glasgow sunk
2 boats sunk
1 shore battery destroyed

The Anglo-Zanzibar War was a military conflict fought between the United Kingdom and the Zanzibar Sultanate on 27 August 1896. The conflict lasted between 38 and 45 minutes, marking it as the shortest recorded war in history. The immediate cause of the war was the death of the pro-British Sultan Hamad bin Thuwaini on 25 August 1896 and the subsequent succession of Sultan Khalid bin Barghash. The British authorities preferred Hamud bin Muhammed, who was more favourable to British interests, as sultan. In accordance with a treaty signed in 1886, a condition for accession to the sultanate was that the candidate obtain the permission of the British consul, and Khalid had not fulfilled this requirement. The British considered this a casus belli and sent an ultimatum to Khalid demanding that he order his forces to stand down and leave the palace. In response, Khalid called up his palace guard and barricaded himself inside the palace.

The ultimatum expired at 09:00 East Africa Time (EAT) on 27 August, by which time the British had gathered three cruisers, two gunboats, 150 marines and sailors, and 900 Zanzibaris in the harbour area. The Royal Navy contingent were under the command of Rear-Admiral Harry Rawson while their Zanzibaris were commanded by Brigadier-General Lloyd Mathews of the Zanzibar army (who was also the First Minister of Zanzibar). Around 2,800 Zanzibaris defended the palace; most were recruited from the civilian population, but they also included the sultan's palace guard and several hundred of his servants and slaves. The defenders had several artillery pieces and machine guns, which were set in front of the palace sighted at the British ships. A bombardment opened at 09:02 set the palace on fire and disabled the defending artillery. A small naval action took place, with the British sinking the Zanzibari royal yacht HHS Glasgow and two smaller vessels, and some shots were fired ineffectually at the pro-British Zanzibari troops as they approached the palace. The flag at the palace was shot down and fire ceased at 09:40.

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