Anglican eucharistic theology

Anglican eucharistic theology is diverse in practice, reflecting the comprehensiveness of Anglicanism. Its sources include prayer book rubrics, writings on sacramental theology by Anglican divines, and the regulations and orientations of ecclesiastical provinces. The principal source material is the Book of Common Prayer; specifically, its eucharistic prayers; and Article XXVIII of the Thirty-Nine Articles. Article XXVIII comprises the foundational Anglican doctrinal statement about the Eucharist, although its force, application, and interpretation varies among provinces; as well as between those of Anglo-Catholic and Evangelical orientations.

In one interpretation, those who receive the form or sign of the body and blood (bread and wine) in faith, receive also the spiritual body and blood of Christ. Those who receive the form or sign without faith, or for those who are wicked, Christ is not present spiritually, and they consume only the physical signs of this holy presence, which further adds to their wickedness – in accordance with Article XXIX. In another interpretation, there exists the real objective presence of Christ the Eucharist, although the precise nature of that presence is a mystery of faith.

A third strand of Anglicans implicitly or explicitly adopt the eucharistic theology of consubstantiation, associated with the Lollards and, later, erroneously with Martin Luther, though Luther and the Lutheran Reformers actually rejected the doctrine of consubstatiation and held the doctrine of sacramental union. Luther's analogy of Christ's presence was that of the intensified heat of a horseshoe thrust into a fire until it is glowing. In the same way, Christ is considered present in the bread and the wine to those who permit their soul to be radiated at the time of the sacrament with the Holy Spirit.

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