Andrea Dworkin

Andrea Dworkin
Dworkin appearing on British television discussion programme After Dark in May 1988
Born	Andrea Rita Dworkin (1946-09-26)September 26, 1946 Camden, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	April 9, 2005(2005-04-09) (aged 58) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Cause of death	Myocarditis
Education	B.A. in literature
Alma mater	Bennington College
Occupation	Writer
Years active	1966–2005
Known for	Radical feminism, anti-pornography activism
Spouse(s)	Cornelius (Iwan) Dirk de Bruin (1969–1972) John Stoltenberg (1998-2005, her death)
Parent(s)	Harry Dworkin and Sylvia Spiegel
Relatives	Mark Spiegel (brother)
Website	Portal for Andrea Dworkin's websites

Andrea Rita Dworkin (September 26, 1946 – April 9, 2005) was an American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography, which she argued was linked to rape and other forms of violence against women. Although a radical, she said there was a need for liberals, but was widely criticized by liberal feminists. At the same time, she maintained a dialogue with political conservatives and wrote a topically-related book, Right-Wing Women. After suffering abuse from her first husband, she was introduced to radical feminist literature and began writing Woman Hating. Coming to New York, she became an activist on several issues and a writer, eventually publishing 10 books on feminism.

During the late 1970s and 1980s, Dworkin became known as a spokeswoman for the feminist anti-pornography movement and for her writing on pornography and sexuality, particularly Pornography: Men Possessing Women (1981) and Intercourse (1987), which remain her two most widely known books. She wrote on pornography from a feminist perspective and in opposition to obscenity law, and she worked with Women Against Pornography and Linda Boreman. She considered the pornography industry to be based on turning women into objects for abuse by men. Dworkin and Catharine MacKinnon developed a legislative approach based on civil rights rather than obscenity to outlaw pornography and allow lawsuits against pornographers for damages, but their efforts were largely unsuccessful. She testified at a federal commission against pornography, leading some stores to withdraw certain magazines from sale, but a court ruled the government's efforts unconstitutional. Critics argued that no causal relationship between pornography and harm to women had been found. A Canadian court adapted parts of Dworkin and MacKinnon's theory on sex equality, although Dworkin opposed parts of the court's view. Some sex-positive feminists criticized Dworkin's views as censorious and as denying women's agency or choice in sexual relationships, leading to the so-called feminist sex wars.