Anatoly Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (Russian: Анатолий Николаевич Пепеляев; 15 August 1891, in Tomsk – 14 January 1938) was a White Russian general who led the Siberian armies of Admiral Kolchak during the Russian Civil War. His elder brother Viktor Pepelyayev served as Prime Minister in Kolchak's government.
A graduate of the Paul Military School (1910), Pepelyayev took part in World War I in the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and distinguished himself at Przasnysz and Soldau. After the Russian Revolution, he took the helm of the White movement in his native Siberian city of Tomsk, joining forces with the White Czechs.
In summer 1918 Pepelyayev's corps was involved in a remarkable expedition to the east along the Trans-Siberian Railway. It was as a consequence of this expedition that the Whites managed to bring Siberia under their direct control. On 18 June Pepelyayev entered Krasnoyarsk; on 26 August he advanced as far east as Chita. Having crossed Transbaikalia, Pepelyayev's forces linked up with the Amur Cossacks of Grigory Semyonov in early September.