Hasan | |||||
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Al-Malik an-Nasir | |||||
Sultan of Egypt | |||||
Reign | December 1347–August 1351 (1st reign) October 1355–1361(2nd reign) |
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Predecessor |
Al-Muzaffar Hajji (first reign) As-Salih Salih (2nd reign) |
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Successor | As-Salih Salih (1st reign) Al-Mansur Muhammad (2nd reign) |
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Born | 1334/35 Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate |
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Died | 17 March 1361 (age 27) | ||||
Spouse | Tulubiyya bint Abdullah an-Nasiri | ||||
Issue | Ahmad Qasim Ibrahim Ali Iskandar Sha'ban Isma'il Yahya Musa Yusuf Muhammad |
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House | Qalawuni | ||||
Dynasty | Bahri | ||||
Father | An-Nasir Muhammad | ||||
Religion | Islam |
Full name | |
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Al-Malik an-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun |
An-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun (1334/35–17 March 1361), better known as an-Nasir Hasan, was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, and the seventh son of an-Nasir Muhammad to hold office, reigning twice in 1347–1351 and 1354–1361. During his first reign, which he began at age 12, senior Mamluk emirs formerly belonging to an-Nasir Muhammad, dominated his administration, while an-Nasir Hasan played a ceremonial role. He was toppled in 1351 when he attempted to assert executive authority to the chagrin of the senior emirs. He was reinstated three years later during a coup against his brother Sultan as-Salih Salih by emirs Shaykhu and Sirghitmish.
During his second reign, an-Nasir Hasan maneuvered against the leading emirs, gradually purging them and their supporters from the administration through imprisonment, forced exile and execution. He replaced many mamluks with awlad al-nas (descendants of mamluks), who he found to be more reliable, competent and amiable with the public. An-Nasir Hasan was killed by one of his own mamluks, Yalbugha al-Umari, who headed a faction opposed to an-Nasir Hasan's elevation of the awlad al-nas. Throughout his second reign, an-Nasir Hasan commenced the Sultan Hasan Mosque-Madrasa complex in Cairo, as well as other architectural works, namely religious structures, in Cairo, Jerusalem, Gaza and Damascus.
An-Nasir Hasan was born as "Qamari" (also spelled "Qumari") in Cairo in 1334/35; he changed his given name to "Hasan" upon his accession to the sultanate in 1347. According to historian Ulrich Haarmann, his revocation of his Turkish name and replacement with the Arabic "Hasan" was meant to dissociate himself from the predominantly Turkish mamluks, a symbolic act in line with his policy of minimizing the role of mamluks in the state and relying instead on the descendants of mamluks, known as awlad al-nas. He was the son of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad (r. 1310–1341) and his Tatar wife, Kuda, who died while an-Nasir Hasan was an infant. He was raised by his mother-in-law Khawand Urdukin in the Cairo Citadel, the sultanate's administrative headquarters. In 1341, an-Nasir Muhammad died and a succession of his sons acceded to the throne, with real power often being held by the rival emirs of an-Nasir Muhammad's inner circle.