Amidah

The Amidah (Hebrew: תפילת העמידה‎, Tefilat HaAmidah, "The Standing Prayer"), also called the Shmoneh Esreh (שמנה עשרה‎, "The Eighteen", in reference to the original number of constituent blessings: there are now nineteen), is the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy. This prayer, among others, is found in the siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book. As Judaism's central prayer, surpassed only by the Birkat Hamazon, the Amidah is the only prayer that is designated simply as tefila (תפילה‎, "prayer") in rabbinic literature. We speak to Hashem by this prayer. The short version of the Amidah, designated for persons in a rush or under pressure, is called Havineinu. It consist of only seven brachot ("blessings"). To recite the Amidah is a mitzvah de-rabbanan (Aramaic: דרבנן) for, according to legend, it was first composed by the Anshei Knesset HaGedolah ("Men of the Great Assembly").

Observant Jews recite the Amidah at each of three prayer services in a typical weekday: morning, afternoon, and evening. A special abbreviated Amidah is also the core of the Mussaf ("Additional") service that is recited on Shabbat (the Jewish Sabbath), Rosh Chodesh (the day of the New Moon), and Jewish festivals, after the morning Torah reading, with various forms of the Amidah that depend on the occasion. The typical weekday Amidah actually consists of nineteen blessings, though it originally had eighteen; when the Amidah is modified for specific prayers or occasions, the first three blessings and the last three remain constant, framing the Amidah used in each service, while the middle thirteen blessings are replaced by blessings specific to the occasion.

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