American women in World War II

American women in World War II became involved in many tasks they rarely had before; as the war involved global conflict on an unprecedented scale, the absolute urgency of mobilizing the entire population made the expansion of the role of women inevitable. The hard skilled labor of women was symbolized in the United States by the concept of Rosie the Riveter, a woman factory laborer performing what was previously considered man's work.

With this expanded horizon of opportunity and confidence, and with the extended skill base that many women could now give to paid and voluntary employment, American women's roles in World War II were even more extensive than in the First World War. Women worked in the war industries, building ships, aircraft, vehicles, and weaponry. Women also worked in factories, munitions plants and farms, and drove trucks, provided logistic support for soldiers, and entered professional areas of work that were previously the preserve of men. Women also enlisted as nurses serving on the front lines, and there was a great increase in the number of women serving for the military itself.

During World War II, approximately 400,000 U.S. women served with the armed forces and more than 460 — some sources say the figure is closer to 543 — lost their lives as a result of the war, including 16 from enemy fire. However, the U.S. decided not to use women in combat because public opinion would not tolerate it. Women became officially recognized as a permanent part of the U.S. armed forces after the war, with the passing of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948.

Both men and women of some ethnic groups were also placed in internment camps in the United States during World War II (see below).

The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), were civilians who flew stateside missions chiefly to ferry planes when male pilots were in short supply. In September 1942, General Henry H. Arnold agreed to form two units of women who would help fly aircraft in the United States. They were The Women's Auxiliary Ferry Squadron (WAFS), led by Nancy Harkness Love and The Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD), led by Jackie Cochran. These two groups merged in 1943 to create (WASP).They were the first women to fly American military aircraft. There was over 1,074 trained WASP pilots who flew from 126 bases in the United States and carried fifty percent of the combat aircraft during the war. Thirty Eight of these women died in service. The WASP was disbanded in 1944 when enough male veterans were available.("Women in World War II." Gale U.S. History in Context, Gale, 2014. U.S. History in Context, libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/FLKAQN920932728/UHIC?u=mlin_s_bristcc&xid=5e4cb79d)

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