Altissimo
Altissimo (Italian for very high) is the uppermost register on woodwind instruments. For clarinets, which overblow on odd harmonics, the altissimo notes are those based on the fifth, seventh, and higher harmonics. For other woodwinds, the altissimo notes are those based on the third, fourth, and higher harmonics. The altissimo register is also known as the high register.
On the Boehm system flute, the first altissimo note, D6, is played using the third harmonic of G4. Fourth harmonics are used for D#6 through G#6, and notes from A6 through C7 are played with fifth or sixth harmonics.
A careful examination of the flute fingering for the notes D♯6 through G♯6 reveals that they are actually a combination of third and fourth harmonic fingerings. For example, the D♯ fingering is like the low D♯4 with the addition of the G♯ key vented, for which D♯6 is the third harmonic. Similarly, in the third octave, the E is a combination of E and A fingerings, the F is a combination of F and B♭, et cetera.
On the oboe, third harmonics are mainly used.
On clarinets, fifth harmonics are used for the first half dozen notes above (written) C6; seventh and ninth harmonics are used beyond that.
For bassoons, the altissimo notes bear complicated harmonic relationships to the fundamental register.
Saxophone altissimo is generally considered to be any note that is higher than written high F♯ which is considered to be the highest note in the saxophone's regular range. Altissimo is produced by the player using various voicing techniques such as air stream, tongue, throat and embouchure variations to disturb the fundamental of a note which results in one of the higher overtones dominating.
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