Alloa Swing Bridge
| Alloa Swing Bridge | |
|---|---|
Piers of the bridge in 2006
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| Coordinates | 56°06′04″N 3°49′52″W / 56.101°N 3.831°WCoordinates: 56°06′04″N 3°49′52″W / 56.101°N 3.831°W |
| Carries | Rail traffic |
| Crosses | River Forth |
| Locale | Throsk to Alloa, United Kingdom |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Swing bridge |
| History | |
| Opened | 1885 |
| Closed | 1968 |
The Alloa Swing Bridge was a railway swing bridge across the River Forth that connectedThrosk and Alloa as part of the Alloa Railway. The structure was in use until 1968 and was demolished in 1971.
The Caledonian Railway obtained authority through an Act of Parliament on 11 August 1879 to open a section of line linking the South Alloa Branch of the Scottish Central Railway to the Stirling and Dunfermline Railway. The new line served passenger and goods traffic and was opened on 1 October 1885. The rail line was double track except for the bridge crossing, which was single track. The swing bridge design was necessary to allow the passage of shipping up and downstream at a time when Stirling was still an active port.
The bridge was designed by the consulting civil engineers, Crouch and Hogg, and built by contractors Watt and Wilson, both of Glasgow. The bridge was designed as a 492 metre long (1615 feet), multi-span, wrought-iron, bow-girder structure, with a horizontal curvature of 865 metres (43 chains). The span of the swing bridge was 44 metres, providing a clear opening of 19 metres for river vessels on each side of a steam-powered, rotating, central pier that housed a cabin structure to allow operation of the steam engine. The central pier of the rotating span was protected by a timber cutwater that projected 43 metres up and down river. When the swing bridge was opened for river traffic, the ends of the rotating span were supported by structures at each end of the cutwater. The deck of the bridge was at a level of 7 metres above high water level and was supported on piers, each consisting of two stone columns connected by ironwork at top and base. Several aerial and deck level photographs of the bridge that illustrate the layout of the structure are available from the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
The bridge was damaged by collisions on at least three occasions. In 1899, gales drove a sailing ship against one of the piers. In October 1904, a schooner also collided with one of the piers as it passed through the swing span, displacing some girders. Rail traffic was suspended until June 1905. In August 1920, a German warship, surrendered at the end of the First World War, broke free from its moorings and crashed into the bridge. The damage was serious enough to close the bridge to rail traffic until March 1921. As a result of these incidents, three stone piers were replaced by cast iron ones and additional cross-bracing was added to all piers.
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Wikipedia