Alice Mary Naish
| Alice Stewart | |
|---|---|
Alice Stewart
|
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| Born | 4 October 1906 Sheffield, England |
| Died | 3 June 2002 (aged 95) Oxford, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Fields | epidemiology |
| Institutions | Oxford University Medical School |
| Known for |
social medicine effects of radiation on health |
| Influences |
Thomas Mancuso George Kneale |
| Notable awards | Right Livelihood Award (1986) |
Dr Alice Mary Stewart, née Naish (4 October 1906 – 3 June 2002) was a physician and epidemiologist specialising in social medicine and the effects of radiation on health. Her study of radiation-induced illness among workers at the Hanford plutonium production plant, Washington, is frequently cited by those who seek to demonstrate that even very low doses of radiation cause substantial hazard. She was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1986.
Stewart was born in Sheffield, England, the daughter of Albert Naish, a physician at Sheffield Royal Hospital and Sheffield Children's Hospital, later professor of medicine at the University of Sheffield. She studied pre-clinical medicine at Girton College, Cambridge, and in 1932 completed her clinical studies at the Royal Free Hospital, London. She gained experienced in hospital posts in Manchester and London, before returning to the Royal Free Hospital as a registrar. In 1941 she took a teaching post at the Oxford University Medical School, and it was here she developed her interest in social medicine, advising on health problems experienced by wartime munitions workers.
The department of social and preventive medicine at Oxford was created in 1942, with Stewart as assistant head. In 1950 she succeeded as head of the unit, but to her disappointment she was not granted the title of "professor", as awarded to her predecessor, because by then the post was considered not to be of great importance. Nonetheless, in 1953 the Medical Research Council allocated funds to her pioneering study of x-rays as a cause of childhood cancer, which she worked on from 1953 until 1956. Her results were initially regarded as unsound. Her findings on fetal damage caused by x-rays of pregnant women were eventually accepted worldwide and the use of medical x-rays during pregnancy and early childhood was curtailed as a result (although it took around two and a half decades). Stewart retired in 1974.
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