Algiers
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Algiers الجزائر (Arabic) Dzayer tamaneɣt (Berber) Alger (French) |
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Clockwise: Buildings along the Mediterranean coast of Algiers, Martyrs Memorial, Notre Dame d'Afrique, Ketchaoua Mosque, Casbah, the Grand Post Office and the Ministry of Finance of Algeria
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| Nickname(s): Algiers the White; Algiers the Dazzling | ||
 Algiers
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| Coordinates: 36°46′N 3°13′E / 36.767°N 3.217°ECoordinates: 36°46′N 3°13′E / 36.767°N 3.217°E | ||
| Country |
 Algeria
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| Province | Algiers Province | |
| District | Sidi M'Hamed District | |
| Government | ||
| • Wali (Governor) | M. Mohamed Kebir Addou | |
| Area | ||
| • City | 363 km2 (140 sq mi) | |
| • Metro | 1,190 km2 (460 sq mi) | |
| Highest elevation | 424 m (1,391 ft) | |
| Lowest elevation | 2 m (7 ft) | |
| Population (2011) | ||
| • City | 3,415,811 | |
| • Density | 9,400/km2 (24,000/sq mi) | |
| • Metro | 5,000,000 | |
| • Metro density | 4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| Postal codes | 16000–16132 | |
| Area code(s) | (+213) 021 | |
| Climate | Csa | |
Algiers (Arabic: , al-Jazā’er; Algerian Arabic pronunciation: دزاير Dzayer, Berber: Dzayer tamaneɣt, French: Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. In 2011, the city's population was estimated to be around 3,500,000. An estimate puts the population of the larger metropolitan city to be around 5,000,000. Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria.
Sometimes nicknamed El-Behdja (البهجة) or alternatively Alger la Blanche ("Algiers the White") for the glistening white of its buildings as seen rising up from the sea, Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea. The modern part of the city is built on the level ground by the seashore; the old part, the ancient city of the deys, climbs the steep hill behind the modern town and is crowned by the casbah or citadel, 122 metres (400 ft) above the sea. The casbah and the two quays form a triangle.
The city name is derived (via French Alger and Catalan Alger) from the Arabic name الجزائر al-Jazā’ir, which translates as "The Islands", referring to the four islands which lay off the city's coast until becoming part of the mainland in 1525. Al-Jazā’ir is itself a truncated form of the city's older name جزائر بني مزغانة Jaza'ir Bani Mazghana, "The Islands of the Sons of Mazghana", used by early medieval geographers such as al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.
A Phoenician commercial outpost called Ikosim which later developed into a small Roman town called Icosium existed on what is now the marine quarter of the city. The rue de la Marine follows the lines of what used to be a Roman street. Roman cemeteries existed near Bab-el-Oued and Bab Azoun. The city was given Latin rights by Emperor Vespasian. The bishops of Icosium are mentioned as late as the 5th century.
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