Alfred Theodor Brauer (April 9, 1894 in Charlottenburg – December 23, 1985 in North Carolina) was a German-American mathematician who did work in number theory. He studied at the University of Berlin. As he served Germany in World War I, even being injured in the war, he was able to keep his position longer than many other Jewish academics who had been forced out after Hitler's rise to power. In 1935 he lost his position and in 1938 he tried to leave Germany, but was not able to until the following year. He initially worked in the Northeast, but in 1942 he settled into a position at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A good deal of his works, and the Alfred T. Brauer library, would be linked to this university. Although he occasionally taught at Wake Forest University after he retired from Chapel Hill at 70.
He is brother to mathematician Richard Brauer, who was the founder of modular representation theory.