Alexander Copland Hutchison

Dr Alexander Copland (or Copeland) Hutchison MD FRSE (1786–1840) was a British surgeon and medical author remembered for his book Practical Observations in Surgery (1811).

In 1818 he made an interesting observation that navy personal suffered exceptionally low levels of kidney stones (Urinary calculi) totalling eight cases over a 15-year period (1800–1815) within a minimum of 145,000 subjects per year. Taking all factors into account he calculated a total rate of approximately 1 in 11,000. Whilst the data was clear the cause was not. It was largely ascribed to the very high proportion of salt beef and pork within the diet, and the rather unattractive issue of sleeping in one’s own sweat within your hammock. Oddly, the study seemed to believe that naval diet destroyed the inevitability of kidney stones, rather than considering that naval diet excluded the causes of kidney stones (being very low in dairy products).

Hutchison was born in Stonehouse in Devonshire around 1786 into a naval family.

He studied Medicine at Aberdeen University gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1809. His employment was thereafter in various government roles, his first being Surgeon to HM Dockyard in Sheerness. In 1817 he moved to London where he ran the Westminster Dispensary whilst also acting as Medical Supervisor for Millbank Prison. Under his period of care an extreme epidemic broke out in the prison in 1822/23. The investigation, led by Henry Grey Bennet, demonstrated that the issues arose from the swampy location of the prison and general poor diet and living condition. Although no blame was apportioned to Dr Hutchison, modern-day interpretation would certainly criticise his restriction on diet, stating that prisoners "had too much food". That said, the allowance was 4oz of raw meat per day and 8oz on Sundays, together with 1 lb of potatoes. The previous allowance before his arrival was 76 ounces of meat per week per couple, roughly 15% more.

In 1827 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Sir George Ballingall. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in the following year.

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