Aleksandr Luria
| Alexander Luria | |
|---|---|
circa 1925
|
|
| Born |
16 July 1902 Kazan, Russian Empire |
| Died | 14 August 1977 (aged 75) Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Fields |
Psychology Neuropsychology |
| Alma mater | Kazan State University |
| Influences | Lev Vygotsky |
| Influenced |
Oliver Sacks Roman Jakobson |
Alexander Romanovich Luria (Russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Лу́рия; 16 July 1902 – 14 August 1977) was a Soviet neuropsychologist and developmental psychologist. He was one of the founders of Cultural-Historical Psychology, and a leader of the Vygotsky Circle, also known as "Vygotsky-Luria Circle". Luria's magnum opus is Higher Cortical Functions in Man (1962), a psychological textbook which has been translated into multiple languages and which he supplemented with The Working Brain in the 1970s.
Apart from his work with Vygotsky, Luria is widely known for two extraordinary psychological case studies: of a man with a highly advanced memory, published as "The Mind of a Mnemonist", and of a man with traumatic brain injury, published as "The Man with a Shattered World".
During his career Luria worked in a wide range of scientific fields at such institutions as the Academy of Communist Education (1920-1930s), Experimental Defectological Institute (1920-1930s, 1950-1960s, both in Moscow), Ukrainian Psychoneurological Academy (Kharkiv, early 1930s), All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, and the Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery (late 1930s). A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Luria as the 69th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Luria was born to Jewish parents in Kazan, a regional center east of Moscow. Many of his family were in medicine. According to Luria's biographer Evgenia Homskaya, his father, Roman Albertovich Luria "worked as a professor at the University of Kazan; and after the Russian Revolution, he became a founder and chief of the Kazan institute of Advanced Medical Education." Two monographs of his father's writings were published in Russian under the titles, Stomach and Gullet Illnesses (1935) and Inside Look at Illness and Gastrogenic Diseases (1935). His mother, Evgenia Viktorovna Haskin (maiden name), became a practicing dentist after finishing college in Poland. Luria was one of two children; his younger sister Lydia became a practicing psychiatrist.
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