Al-No'man Ibn al-Munthir Ibn Ma' al-Sama'

Al-Nu'mān III ibn al-Mundhir (Arabic: النعمان بن المنذر‎‎), also transcribed Na'aman, Nu'aman and Noman and often known by the name Abu Qabus (أبو قابوس), was the last Lakhmid king of Al-Hirah (582 – ca. 602 AD) and a Nestorian Christian Arab.

He was the son of al-Mundhir IV ibn al-Mundhir and Salma, the daughter of a Jewish goldsmith from Fadak. He succeeded his father in 580. In later histories, he is celebrated for his patronage of numerous poets. He was also the only Lakhmid ruler to convert to Nestorian Christianity.

Al-Nuʻmān’s rule of al-Ḥīrah was heavily supported by the Sassanid Emperor Khusraw or Kisrá; however Khusraw killed al-Nuʻmān after a conflict arose between them.

According to Arab accounts, he refused to assist Khosrau II during his flight from the usurper Bahram Chobin in 590, and his reign was supported by Khosrau. Nevertheless, discord arose between them. ' The reason for this conflict is unclear, but some historians believe that it occurred because al-Nuʻmān demanded complete Lakhmid independence. Other historians and akhbārs (anecdotal narratives found in literary compendiums) relate that the conflict occurred because al-Nuʻmān refused to marry his daughter, Hind, to Khusraw, after which, Khusraw attacked the kingdom of al-Ḥīrah and killed al-Nuʻmān after capturing him'. (The daughter, Hind bint al-Nuʻmān, was apparently then given protection by the poet Al-Ḥujayjah.) It seems that Al-Nuʻmān was imprisoned around 602 and killed that year or later. Some narratives have Khosrau having al-Numān crushed by elephants; however, according to a Syriac chronicle, Khosrau invited Nu'man to a feast where he was dishonored and trapped; another Syriac chronicle states that Khosrow captured Nu'man along with his sons, who then were poisoned. He was succeeded by Iyās ibn Qubayṣah.

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