Al-Husayn ibn Zikrawayh

Al-Husayn ibn Zikrawayh, also known under his assumed name Sahib al-Shama ("Man with the Mole"), was a Qarmatian leader in the Syrian Desert in the early years of the 10th century.

Husayn was a younger son of the Qarmatian leader Zikrawayh ibn Mihrawayh and a descendant of the seventh Isma'ili imam, Muhammad ibn Isma'il. Husayn followed his brother Yahya, who claimed to be the Mahdi and assumed the name of "Master of the She-camel", in establishing a base of operations at Palmyra. The brothers were successful in gaining the support of many local Bedouin—especially from the Banu Kalb, thus acquiring a potent military force.

From there they began launching raids against the Abbasid and Tulunid provinces of Syria, with devastating effect. In 902, the Qarmatians defeated the Tulunids under Tughj ibn Juff near Raqqa, and laid siege to Damascus. The city was successfully held by Tughj, and Yahya was killed. Husayn succeeded him as leader, likewise claiming to be the Mahdi under the name of "Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abdallah", and with the title of "Sahib al-Shama" ("Man with the Mole/Birthmark"). He led the Qarmatians on to ravage Homs, Hama, Ba'albek, Ma'arrat al-Numan and even their old base at Salamiyah, from where their rival Fatimid Mahdi, Abdallah, had recently departed heading west to the Maghreb.

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