Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu
| Agustín I | |||||
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Portrait of Agustín at the National Palace in Mexico City
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| Emperor of Mexico | |||||
| Reign | 19 May 1822 – 19 March 1823 | ||||
| Coronation | 21 July 1822 | ||||
| Predecessor | Monarchy established | ||||
| Successor |
Provisional Government (Chronologically) Maximilian I of Mexico (as Emperor) |
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| President of the Regency of Mexico | |||||
| Reign | 28 September 1821 – 18 May 1822 | ||||
| Predecessor | Monarchy established | ||||
| Successor | Juan Nepomuceno Almonte | ||||
| Born |
27 September 1783 Valladolid, Michoacán |
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| Died | 19 July 1824 (aged 40) Padilla, Tamaulipas |
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| Burial | Mexico City Cathedral | ||||
| Spouse | Ana María Josefa Ramona de Huarte y Muñiz | ||||
| Issue |
Agustín Jerónimo, Prince Imperial Princess Sabina Princess Juana María Princess Josefa Prince Ángel Princess María Jesús Princess María de los Dolores Prince Salvador Prince Felipe Andrés María de Guadalupe Prince Agustín Cosme |
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| House | House of Iturbide | ||||
| Father | José Joaquín de Iturbide y Arreguí | ||||
| Mother | María Josefa de Arámburu y Carrillo de Figueroa | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
| Signature |  |
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| Full name | |
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| Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu |
| House of Iturbide | ||
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| Coat of arms of Mexico (1864-1867) | ||
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Styles of Agustín I of Mexico |
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| Reference style | His Imperial Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Imperial Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sire |
Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (27 September 1783 – 19 July 1824), also known as Augustine of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician. During the Mexican War of Independence, he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico. After the secession of Mexico was secured, he was proclaimed President of the Regency in 1821. A year later, he was announced as the Constitutional Emperor of Mexico, reigning briefly from 19 May 1822 to 19 March 1823. He is credited as the original designer of the first Mexican flag.
Although Iturbide's reign was short, it defined the political struggles before and after independence. The two ends of Mexico's political spectrum, liberals who favored populist representative government and conservatives who favored a more authoritarian regime, each gained the upper hand at various times in the decades after Iturbide's abdication.
Agustín Cosme Damian de Iturbide y Arámburu was born in what was called Valladolid, now Morelia, the state capital of Michoacán, on 27 September 1783. He was baptized with the names of Saints Cosmas and Damian at the cathedral. The fifth child born to his parents, he was the only male to survive and eventually became head of the family. Iturbide's parents were part of the privileged class of Valladolid, owning farmland such as the haciendas of Apeo and Guaracha as well as lands in nearby Quirio. Iturbide's father, Joaquín de Iturbide, came from a family of the Basque gentry who were confirmed in nobility by King Juan II of Aragon. One of his ancestors, Martín de Iturbide, was designated as Royal Merino in the High Valley of Baztan in the 1430s, and thereafter many in the family held political or administrative positions in the Basque Country from the 15th century. As a younger son, Joaquín was not in line to inherit the family lands, so he migrated to New Spain to make his fortune there. While the aristocratic and Spanish lineage of Agustin's father was not in doubt, his mother's ancestry was less clear.
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