An adaptive switch is a network switch designed to operate in cut-through mode (cut-through switching) normally but if a port's error rate jumps too high, the switch automatically reconfigures the port to run in store-and-forward mode. This optimizes the switch's performance by providing higher speed cut-through switching if error rates are low but higher throughput store and forward switching if error rates are high.
Adaptive switching is typically done on a port-by-port basis.