Adélaïde Labille-Guiard
| Adélaïde Labille-Guiard | |
|---|---|
Self-portrait with two pupils, by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, 1785. The two pupils are Marie Capet and Carreaux de Rosemond.
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| Born |
Adélaïde Labille 11 April 1749 Paris, France |
| Died | 23 April 1803 (aged 54) Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Miniatures, painting, pastels |
| Movement | Rococo to Neoclassicism |
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (11 April 1749 – 24 April 1803), also known as Adélaïde Labille-Guiard des Vertus, was a French miniaturist and portrait painter.
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard was born in Paris, the youngest of eight children, to a bourgeois family. Her father, the haberdasher Claude-Edme Labille, owned a shop named 'A La Toilette' situated in the Rue neuve des Petits Champs in the parish of Saint-Eustache. Jeanne Bécu, the future Madame du Barry, worked in this very shop around the age of eighteen, and would eventually become good friends with Labille-Guiard.
Her older sister, Félicité, whose date of birth is unknown, married the miniaturist Jean Antoine Gros, a notable painting collector, in 1764 in the Saint-Eustache parish of Paris. It is unknown whether Adélaïde kept in touch with Jean Antoine Gros, his second wife, the pastel artist Pierrette Madeleine Cecile Durant, or his son, the famous Napoleonic painter Antoine Jean Gros, following her sister's death in 1768.
Though Labille-Guiard became a master at miniatures, pastels, and oil paintings, little is known about her training. Much of this lack of information is due to the practices of the time, which dictated that masters (who were predominantly male) should not take on female pupils, as society perceived that they would not be able to follow instruction alongside men.
During adolescence, Labille-Guiard studied miniature painting with the oil painter François-Elie Vincent, a family friend. Vincent's connections made it possible for her early works to be exhibited at the Académie de Saint-Luc. During this apprenticeship, she would meet her future husband, Vincent's son François-André Vincent.
After marrying Louis-Nicolas Guiard in 1769, she apprenticed with the pastel master Quentin de la Tour until de la Tour's marriage in 1774. After the apprenticeship, she exhibited one of her pastels of a magistrate at the Académie de Saint-Luc. She would continue displaying her works at the Académie until it closed in 1776. After that, she would display her works at the Salon de la Correspondance.
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