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Acetaminophen

Paracetamol
Paracetamol-skeletal.svg
Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
Clinical data
Pronunciation Paracetamol: /ˌpærəˈsitəmɒl/
Acetaminophen: Listeni/əˌstəˈmɪnəfn/
Trade names Tylenol, Panadol, others
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a681004
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: A
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
  • Not tested but seems to be safe
Routes of
administration
By mouth, through the cheek, rectal, intravenous (IV)
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 63–89%
Protein binding 10–25%
Metabolism Predominantly in the liver
Metabolites APAP gluc, APAP sulfate, APAP GSH, APAP cys, NAPQI
Onset of action Pain relief onset by route:
By mouth – 37 minutes
Buccal – 15 minutes
Intravenous – 8 minutes
Biological half-life 1–4 hours
Excretion Urine (85–90%)
Identifiers
Synonyms N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP)
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.870
Chemical and physical data
Formula C8H9NO2
Molar mass 151.163 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)
Density 1.263 g/cm3
Melting point 169 °C (336 °F)
Boiling point 420 °C (788 °F)
Solubility in water

7.21 g/kg (0 °C)
8.21 g/kg (5 °C)
9.44 g/kg (10 °C)
10.97 g/kg (15 °C)
12.78 g/kg (20 °C)

~14 mg/mL (20 °C)
  

7.21 g/kg (0 °C)
8.21 g/kg (5 °C)
9.44 g/kg (10 °C)
10.97 g/kg (15 °C)
12.78 g/kg (20 °C)

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen or APAP, is a medication used to treat pain and fever. It is typically used for mild to moderate pain. There is poor evidence for fever relief in children. It is often sold in combination with other ingredients such as in many cold medications. In combination with opioid pain medication, paracetamol is used for more severe pain such as cancer pain and after surgery. It is typically used either by mouth or rectally but is also available intravenously. Effects last between two and four hours.

Paracetamol is generally safe at recommended doses. Serious skin rashes may rarely occur, and too high a dose can result in liver failure. It appears to be safe during pregnancy and when breastfeeding. In those with liver disease, it may still be used, but lower doses should be taken. Paracetamol is classified as a mild analgesic. It does not have significant anti-inflammatory activity and how it works is not entirely clear.

Paracetamol was discovered in 1877. It is the most commonly used medication for pain and fever in both the United States and Europe. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Paracetamol is available as a generic medication with trade names including Tylenol and Panadol among others. The wholesale price in the developing world is less than 0.01 USD per dose. In the United States it costs about 0.04 USD per dose.


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Wikipedia

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