Abram Rabinovich (Rabinowitsch, Rabinovitch, Rabinovitz, Rabinowicz, Rabinovici) (born 1878, Vilna – died 1943, Moscow) was a Lithuanian–Russian chess master.
Abram Isaakovich Rabinovich was born in Vilnius, Lithuania (then occupied by the Russian Empire) into a Litvak family. In 1903, he tied for 11-12th in Kiev (3rd All-Russian Masters' Tournament, Mikhail Chigorin won). In 1908, he took 19th in Prague (Oldřich Duras and Carl Schlechter won). In 1909, he tied for 2nd-3rd in Vilna (6th RUS-ch; Akiba Rubinstein won). In 1911, he tied for 19th-21st in Carlsbad (Richard Teichmann won). In 1912, he took 18th in Vilna (Hauptturnier, Karel Hromádka won).
During World War I, he moved to Moscow. In 1916, he tied for 4-5th, and was 3rd in 1918. He tied 5-7 at the Russian Chess Olympiad (1st URS-ch) at Moscow 1920. The event was won by Alexander Alekhine. In 1922/23 he took 10th in the Moscow City Chess Championship. In 1924, he took 12th in Moscow (3rd URS-ch; Efim Bogoljubov won). In 1924 he took 10th in the 5th Moscow City Chess Championship. In 1925, he tied for 9-10 in Leningrad (4th URS-ch; Bogoljubow won). In 1925, he took 4th in Moscow (Aleksandr Sergeyev won). In 1926, he won the Moscow City Championship. In 1927, he tied for 7-9th in Moscow (Nikolai Zubarev won). In 1930, Rabinovich won in Moscow.