Abhayakaragupta

Abhayākaragupta (Wylie: 'jigs-med 'byung-gnas sbas-pa) was born in the city of Gaur, West Bengal, in Eastern India, and is thought to have flourished in the late 11th-early 12th century CE, and died in 1125.

As a youth he went to the country of Magadha in Central India, "where he learned the five sciences and became well known as a pandit."

During the reign of King Rāmapāla (c. 1075-1120), there was a great revival of Buddhism under Abhayākaragupta. He taught at the great Vikramashila Mahavihara as well as at Vajraśana (Bodh Gaya) and Odantapuri. He is credited with many miracles including feeding the starving in the city of Sukhavati from his mendicant bowl which was replenished from heaven, and brought a dead child to life in the great cemetery of Himavana.

About a century after the Kalachakra is thought to have been written, Abhayākaragupta put the Mantrayana-Madhyamaka doctrine in its final form.

He composed the Ocean of Means of Achievement (sgrub thabs rgya mtsho) "directed by Manjusri", and many other books including the Ornament to the Subduer's Thought (thub pa'i dgongs rgyan, munimatālaṃkāra), which is a commentary on Maitreya's Ornament for Clear Realization (mngon par rtogs pa'i rgyan, abhisamayālaṃkāra).

In his book Niṣpannayogāvalī, he explained how to draw 26 kinds of mandalas, "describing the titles and figures of Buddhas and divine beings and their seeds, etc."

Yogambara (Tibetan: nam khai nal jor), is a tutelary deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to the Wisdom-mother class of the Anuttarayoga tantra. He was made famous in the Vajravali text of the Indian Pandita Abhayakaragupta and through the tradition of Marpa and Ngog lotsawa ('translator of the scriptures').

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