Abdul Hamid I
| Abdulhamid I I عبد الحميد الاول |
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| Caliph of Islam Amir al-Mu'minin Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques |
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Abdulhamid I of the Ottoman Empire
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| 27th Ottoman Sultan (Emperor) | |||||
| Reign | 21 January 1774 – 7 April 1789 | ||||
| Predecessor | Mustafa III | ||||
| Successor | Selim III | ||||
| Born | 20 March 1725 | ||||
| Died | 7 April 1789 (aged 64) | ||||
| Consorts | Ayşe Kadın Hümaşah Kadın Ruhşah Kadın Binnaz Kadın Sineperver Sultan Nevres Kadın Mehtabe Kadın Mutebere Kadın Şebsafa Kadın Nakşidil Sultan Hasibe Kadın |
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| Dynasty | House of Osman | ||||
| Father | Ahmed III | ||||
| Mother | Şermi Kadın | ||||
| Tughra |  |
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| Full name | |
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| Abdul Hamid bin Ahmed |
Abdülhamid I, Abdul Hamid I or Abd Al-Hamid I (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد اول, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i evvel; Turkish: Birinci Abdülhamit; 20 March 1725 – 7 April 1789) was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning over the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to 1789.
He was born in Istanbul, a younger son of Sultan Ahmed III (reigned 1703–1730) and his consort Şermi Kadın. Ahmed III abdicated in favor of his nephew Mahmud I, who was succeeded by his brother Osman III, and Osman by Ahmed's elder son Mustafa III. As a potential heir to the throne, Abdül Hamid was imprisoned in comfort by his cousins and older brother, as was customary. This lasted until 1767. During this period, he received his early education from his mother Rabia Şermi, who taught him history and calligraphy.
When his brother Mustafa III died, Abdül Hamid succeeded him on 21 January 1774.
Abdül Hamid's long imprisonment had left him indifferent to state affairs and malleable to the designs of his advisors. Yet he was also very religious and a pacifist by nature. At his accession the financial straits of the treasury were such that the usual donative could not be given to the Janissary Corps. The new Sultan told the Janissaries "There are no longer gratuities in our treasury, as all of our soldier sons should learn."
Despite his pacific inclinations, the Ottoman Empire was forced to renew the ongoing war with Russia almost immediately. This led to complete Turkish defeat at Kozludzha and the humiliating Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, signed on 21 July 1774. The Ottomans ceded territory to Russia, and also the right to intervene on behalf of the Orthodox Christians in the Empire.
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