AEAD block cipher modes of operation

Authenticated Encryption (AE) or Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) is a form of encryption which simultaneously provides confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity assurances on the data. These attributes are provided under a single, easy to use programming interface.

The need for AE emerged from the observation that securely combining a confidentiality mode with an authentication mode could be error prone and difficult. This was confirmed by a number of practical attacks introduced into production protocols and applications by incorrect implementation, or lack, of authentication (including SSL/TLS).

Around the year 2000, a number of efforts evolved around the notion. In particular, strong interest in these modes was sparked by the publication of Charanjit Jutla's IACBC and IAPM modes in 2000. Six different authenticated encryption modes (namely OCB 2.0, Key Wrap, CCM, EAX, Encrypt-then-MAC (EtM), and GCM) have been standardized in ISO/IEC 19772:2009. More were developed in response to NIST solicitation.Sponge functions can be used in duplex mode to provide authenticated encryption.

A typical programming interface for AE mode implementation would provide the following functions:

The header part is intended to provide authenticity and integrity protection for networking or storage metadata for which confidentiality is unnecessary, but authenticity is desired.

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