ABM-1 Galosh

ABM-1 Galosh
A Galosh anti-ballistic missile launcher
Type	anti-ballistic missile (ABM)
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	Phase 1: 1972 A-350 Phase 2; 1974 A-350R (Design 1962) Phase 3: 1978 A-35M System
Used by	Russia
Wars	Cold War
Production history
Manufacturer	TsNPO Vympel and NIIRP A-35/A-35M Systems Designer: K. B. Kisunko A-350/A-350R Missiles Designer: P. D. Grushin
Unit cost	unknown
Specifications
Weight	32,700 kg
Length	19.8 m
Diameter	2.57 m
Warhead	2–3 Mt A-350
Detonation mechanism	unknown
Engine	solid fuel rocket motor (3) w/ RD-O15T ramjet First stage: 5S47 Second stage: 5D22
Wingspan	6.0 m
Operational range	320–350 km
Flight ceiling	120 km exosphere
Flight altitude	unknown
Speed	Mach 4
Guidance system	Radar Command guidance
Launch platform	A-35 Aldan

The ABM-1 Galosh (Soviet designation A-350) was a Soviet, nuclear-tipped surface-to-air anti-ballistic missile. The Galosh (NATO reporting name, formerly SH-01) was a component of the A-35 anti-ballistic missile system. Its primary mission was to destroy U.S. Minuteman and Titan intercontinental ballistic missiles targeting Moscow.

The ABM-1 was introduced during the 1960s with mechanically steered semi-active radar guidance. It contained a high-yield nuclear warhead, comparable to the U.S. Nike Zeus.

The ABM-1B (Soviet designation A-350R) was introduced with the advanced A-35M missile system and became operational during 1978. This system was tested at the Sary Shagan Launch Facility with five test flights during 1971, 1976, and 1977, with two more tests during 1993 and 1999.

The next generation of missiles, introduced with the A-135 ABM System, were the ABM-3 Gazelle (1970s), and ABM-4 Gorgon (1980s).

The ABM-1 Galosh was a three-stage solid-fueled design with a range of over 300 kilometers. The ABM-1B was improved with a restartable liquid-fueled third stage. This gave a much improved post-launch and re-targeting capabilities. The Galosh are launched from above-ground launchers.

The missile design was done by MKB Fakel's Chief Designer Petr Grushin.

The system had multiple radars during the different phases including the Pill Box and Hen House early warning systems, and the Dog House and Cat House target acquisitioning systems. The A-35 with radar was designed by Chief Designer K. B. Kisunko.