808 drum

TR-808
TR-808 front panel
Manufacturer	Roland
Dates	1980–1983
Price	US$1,195
Technical specifications
Timbrality	9
Synthesis type	Analog subtractive
Aftertouch expression	No
Effects	Individual level, tuning, attack, decay, and tone controls for some sounds
Input/output
Keyboard	16 pattern keys
External control	Digital Control Bus in/out & DIN sync in

The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer, often referred to as the 808, is a drum machine introduced by the Roland Corporation in 1980 and discontinued in 1983. It was one of the earliest programmable drum machines, with which users could create their own rhythms rather than having to use preset patterns.

Unlike its nearest competitor, the more expensive Linn LM-1 Drum Computer, the 808 is completely analog, meaning its sounds are generated non-digitally via hardware rather than samples (prerecorded sounds). Launched when electronic music had yet to become mainstream, the 808 received mixed reviews for its unrealistic drum sounds and was a commercial failure. Having built approximately 12,000 units, Roland discontinued the 808 after its semiconductors became impossible to restock, but units remain in use around the world. It was succeeded in 1984 by the TR-909.

Over the course of the 1980s, the 808 attracted a cult following among underground musicians for its affordability, ease of use, and idiosyncratic sounds, particularly its deep, "booming" bass drum. It became a cornerstone of the emerging electronic, dance, and hip hop genres, popularized by early hits such as Marvin Gaye's "Sexual Healing" and Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force's "Planet Rock", both released in 1982. The 808 was eventually used on more hit records than any other drum machine; its popularity with hip hop in particular has made it one of the most influential inventions in popular music, comparable to the 's influence on rock. Its sounds continue to be used as samples included with music software and modern drum machines.