4-14-4
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| Type and origin | |
|---|---|
| Power type | Steam |
| Builder | Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Factory |
| Build date | 1934 |
| Total produced | 1 |
| Specifications | |
|---|---|
| Configuration | 4-14-4 |
| Leading dia. | 760 mm (29.92 in) |
| Driver dia. | 1,600 mm (62.99 in) |
| Trailing dia. | 1,050 mm (41.34 in) |
| Length | 33,730 mm (110.66 ft) |
| Axle load | 20 t (20 long tons; 22 short tons) |
| Fuel type | Coal |
| Firebox: • Firegrate area |
12 m2 (130 sq ft) |
| Boiler pressure | 17 kgf/cm2 (1.67 MPa; 242 psi) |
| Superheater: |
|
| • Heating area | 174 m2 (1,870 sq ft) |
| Cylinders | Two, outside |
| Cylinder size | 740 mm × 810 mm (29.13 in × 31.89 in) bore x stroke |
| Performance figures | |
|---|---|
| Maximum speed | 70 km/h (43 mph) |
| Tractive effort | 320 kN (71,940 lbf) |
| Career | |
|---|---|
| Operators | Russian Railways |
| Locale | Russia |
| First run | 1935 |
| Scrapped | 1960 |
A 4-14-4, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, is a locomotive with four leading wheels, fourteen coupled driving wheels (seven axles) in a rigid frame, and four trailing wheels.
Other equivalent classifications are:
UIC classification: 2G2 (also known as German classification and Italian classification)
French classification: 272
Turkish classification: 711
Swiss classification: 7/11
Russian classification: 2-7-2
A single example of this type, called the AA20-1, was built by the Soviet Union. The designation stands for Andrey Andreev (who sponsored its construction), 20 ton axle load. While some builders had produced twelve-coupled (six driving axles) designs, no one had ever built a fourteen-coupled engine. The AA20-1 holds two records: the largest number of coupled axles on a locomotive, and being the longest rigid frame locomotive in Europe. It was the largest rigid frame locomotive in the world until 1939, when the PRR S1 was unveiled.
The large number of driving axles were meant to spread out the locomotive's weight, reducing the axle load and the resulting stress on the track. A group of Soviet locomotive engineers had visited the United States, and presumably they had seen the 4-12-2 locomotives being used by the Union Pacific. The 4-14-4 could be viewed as an expansion of that type. Unlike the successful Union Pacific locomotives, however, the AA20-1 was a complete failure.
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Wikipedia