339th Infantry Regiment

339th Regiment 339th Infantry Regiment
Men of the 339th Infantry during the Polar Bear Expedition.
Active	1918-1919 1942-1945
Country	United States
Branch	United States Army
Type	Infantry
Size	Regiment
Engagements	Russian Civil War Polar Bear Expedition
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia

Russian Civil War

The 339th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army, raised for service in World War I, that served in the North Russia Intervention and World War II.

The 339th Regiment was created in June 1918, composed mainly of young draftees, for the purpose of fighting on the Western Front in France. Most of the 4,487 men were from Michigan, but some 500 draftees from Wisconsin were included. It was commonly referred to as "Detroit's Own". They were sent to fight the Bolsheviks in Northern Russia. They were nicknamed the “polar bears” because of their service there.

On July 30, 1918, Gen Pershing, by order of President Wilson, chose the 339th Infantry Regiment, the 1st Battalion of the 310th Engineers, the 337th Field Hospital, and the 337th Ambulance Company, (all from the 85th Division) to form the Murmansk Expedition. These units are assembled and equipped at Cowshott Camp, Surrey, England. August 9, 1918, with Lt Col George Evans Stewart (later Col) of the 339th Inf as commanding officer of the expedition. Aug 27, 1918, the expedition, 143 officers and 4,344 enlisted men, sails from Newcastle upon Tyne, England, arrives Archangel, North Russia, September 4, where, with other Allied forces, it becomes part of the command of Maj Gen F. C. Poole, British Army. American Headquarters is established at Archangel. Distribution of American troops begins along a front 450 miles long, extending from Onega in the west to Pinega in the east, and at some points 200 miles distant from the Archangel base. Elements of the 339th Infantry and attached units operate with the Allied forces to cover the main avenues of approach to Archangel from the south as follows: on the Onega River near Chekuevo; on the railway from Archangel to Vologda near Obozerskaya; on the Vaga River at Pinega. These forces were opposed by the Soviet Sixth Army. September 30, 1918, reinforcements, consisting of 17 officers and 486 enlisted men from the 85th Division, join. Between September 1918 and May 1919 many minor operations take place against the Soviet forces resulting in more than 500 American casualties. October 26, 1918, Major General Edmund Ironside, British Army, succeeds Major General Poole as commander of the Allied force. April 9, 1919, the American contingent is again redesignated, becoming the"American Expeditionary Force, North Russia"; Brig Gen Wilds P. Richardson assumes command of all American troops in North Russia, supreme command however continuing with the British. During May the Archangel contingent is concentrated in the region of that town preparatory to return to the United States. June 3, 1919, the contingent begins moving via Brest to the United States. June 27, 1919, last element, the 1st Battalion of the 310th Engineers, sails for Brest, en route to United States.