20 mm Becker
| Type M2 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Automatic cannon |
| Place of origin | German Empire |
| Service history | |
| In service | Imperial German Air Service |
| Wars | World War I |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Reinhold Becker |
| Designed | 1913 |
| Manufacturer | Stahlwerke Becker |
| Number built | 539+ |
| Variants |
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| Specifications | |
| Weight | 30 kilograms (66 lb) |
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|
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| Cartridge | 20x70mmRB |
| Caliber | 20 mm (0.787 in) |
| Barrels | 1 |
| Action | APMI - advanced primer ignition blowback |
| Rate of fire | 300rpm |
| Muzzle velocity | 490 metres per second (1,600 ft/s) |
| Feed system | magazine |
The Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon was a German automatic cannon developed for aircraft use during World War I by Stahlwerke Becker. It was first mass-produced in 1916 and was installed in a variety of aircraft. It was the only German autocannon to actually see service in the air during the war.
The Becker also served as the pattern for the famous Swiss-built Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, which is in service to this day, and in a later form, was the original inspiration, through the Swiss design after World War I, for the World War II German Luftwaffe's MG FF 20 mm autocannon ordnance.
Development commenced in 1913 and was therefore already advanced when the War Ministry issued a specification in June 1915 calling for an aircraft cannon of under 37 mm caliber and 70 kg weight capable of firing a 10-round burst. Tests commenced shortly thereafter with the weapon mounted in a Gotha G.I, but proved unsatisfactory. Despite this, the potential of the gun was such that Spandau arsenal was engaged to help develop and fine-tune the design, leading to a production contract for 120 Becker Type M2 guns in June 1916. In addition to the orders for aircraft guns placed with Becker, Spandau and MAN also received a contract to build Becker cannon for the Army. The Spandau works developed the gun further producing it as the Spandau Type 3 20mm cannon, which was heavier and had a slower rate of fire at 250 rpm.
The main types to utilise the Type M2 were large aircraft - the Friedrichshafen G.III bomber and AEG G.IVk ground-attack machine. Tests in smaller, single-engined aircraft were not so successful, but were carried out extensively through the rest of the war, commencing with an Albatros J.I in December 1917. Due to the gun's operating principles, it could not be synchronised, and this posed an immediate problem for its installation in this type of aircraft. The solution adopted after the tests with the Albatros J.I was to mount the gun at an angle to fire downwards. Fitting the gun to a fighter with a pusher configuration was another obvious solution, and trials were carried out with an Albatros D.VI. Other intended installations were for an AGO S.I and the Hansa (Caspar) D.I, but these were not carried out before the Armistice. Some rigid airships of the Imperial German Navy, such as the most modern Zeppelin L 70, was armed with the Becker cannon.
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