The 2016–17 Western Illinois Leathernecks women's basketball represents Western Illinois University. The Leathernecks, are headed by JD Gravina and are members of The Summit League. They finished the season 26-7, 13-3 in Summit League play to finish in first place. They won The Summit League Women's Tournament, defeating IUPUI 77-69 in overtime. They were invited to the NCAA Women's Tournament for the first time since 1995, where they lost to Florida State in the first round.