The 2009–10 season was the 105th season of competitive football in Turkey.
Bursaspor became league champions for the first time in club history, as well as the second club outside of Istanbul to win the Süper Lig.Fenerbahçe were runners-up, while Galatasaray finished third. Diyarbakırspor, Denizlispor, and Ankaraspor were relegated. Ariza Makukula, on loan at Kayserispor from S.L. Benfica, finished top scorer with 21 goals. The season started with the Turkish Super Cup between Fenerbahçe (Turkish Cup runners-up) and Beşiktaş (Turkish Cup winners). Fenerbahçe won the match two to nil, with Alex scoring both goals. Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray started out in pole position in the league by winning each of their first six matches. Beşiktaş did not fare as well as the other two Istanbul giants, winning one match, drawing three times, and losing twice. Eventual champions Bursaspor held seventh place six weeks into the season. The club found themselves in third place at the winter break, with Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray in first and second respectively. Kayserispor also held first place for a brief period of two weeks before the winter break started.
Fenerbahçe hit a wall after the winter break, falling to fourth place by the 25th week. This allowed Bursaspor to rise to the top of the table, a position they held for seven consecutive weeks from 8 March to 19 April. Fenerbahçe took back first place by the 31st week of the season. Entering the last match-day, the club sat a point above second placed Bursaspor. In order to win the league, Fenerbahçe had to either win outright against Trabzonspor, or draw while Bursaspor either draws or loses to Beşiktaş. Bursaspor won 2–1, while Fenerbahçe drew 1–1, unable to recover from Burak Yılmaz's first half goal. Galatasaray finished third due to their positive head-to-head record against Beşiktaş. Bursaspor qualified for the group stage of the Champions League for the first time in club history. The club had previously competed in the 1974–75 and 1986–87 European Cup Winners' Cup, as well as the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup.