The 2009-10 FC Shakhtar Donetsk season saw the club win their fifth Ukrainian Premier League. After winning the 2009 UEFA Cup, Shakhtar competed in the UEFA Super Cup for the first time, losing 1–0 to Barcelona after extra time. Shakhtar started the season in the UEFA Champions League as a result of winning the 2008–09 Premier League, but where knocked out at the third qualifying round by Poli Timișoara, resulting in them playing in the UEFA Europa League. Shakhtar managed to reach the round of 32 before falling to Fulham, while in the Ukrainian Cup they reached the semi-finals before falling to Metalurh Donetsk.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

In: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Out: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

In: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Out: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.